Recently there has been a growing trend toward functional programming. JavaScript is a multi-paradigm language that allows you to freely mix and match object-oriented, procedural, and functional paradigms. Those first-class functions are what makes functional programming possible in JavaScript. Java technically did not have first-class functions until version 8, however you could simulate first-class functions using anonymous classes. Eich eventually settled on a language that has a C-style syntax (as does Java), yet has first-class functions. Things changed when Eich was told that the new language should be the scripting language companion to Java.
Scheme, being a dialect of Lisp, is a functional programming language.
When Brendan Eich created JavaScript in 1995, he intended to do Scheme in the browser.
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